@EdWorkingPaper{ai26-1496,
title = "From Pilot to Policy: Experimental Evidence from Scaling Online Tutoring",
author = "María Calle, Lucas Gortazar, Maria Hernandez-de-Benito, Claudia Hupkau, Teresa Molina-Millán, Antonio Roldán-Monés",
institution = "Annenberg Institute at Brown University",
number = "1496",
year = "2026",
month = "June",
URL = "http://www.edworkingpapers.com/ai26-1496",
abstract = {We study a randomized controlled trial of an online mathematics tutoring program scaled from a successful pilot and implemented entirely by regional education authorities in Spain, using interim public-school teachers rather than specially recruited tutors. Assignment to tutoring increased end-of- year grades by 0.15σ and standardized math test scores by 0.11σ — approximately one-third of pilot effects. An experimental socio-emotional module improved affective outcomes but not academic gains. Results provide realistic benchmarks for the ”voltage drop” policymakers should anticipate when scaling evidence-based interventions.},
}