TY  - JOUR
AB  - This qualitative document review is a national scan of state policies pertaining to culturally responsive and sustaining education (CRSE) as of September 2025. We present a typology of states—CRSE Forward, CRSE Conflicted, CRSE Limited, and CRSE Prohibitive—reflecting how CRSE is taken up in states’ teaching standards and the extent to which states’ policy environments are supportive of CRSE. Our results shed light on the nature and complexity of policy signals educators may be receiving about equitable instruction through state policy, and indicate that state-level embrace of CRSE is a partisan political issue, as well as a complex policy one.
AU  - Comstock, Meghan
AU  - Kaul, Maya
AU  - Kim, Sora
PY  - 2026
ST  - Embrace, Contradiction, or Prohibition: A National Scan of State Policies for Culturally Responsive and Sustaining Education
TI  - Embrace, Contradiction, or Prohibition: A National Scan of State Policies for Culturally Responsive and Sustaining Education
UR  - http://www.edworkingpapers.com/ai26-1488
ER  -