@EdWorkingPaper{ai23-725,
title = "What We Can Learn About Latin American Educational Systems from International Tests: A Brief Foray",
author = "Martin Carnoy, Tatiana Khavenson",
institution = "Annenberg Institute at Brown University",
number = "725",
year = "2023",
month = "February",
URL = "http://www.edworkingpapers.com/ai23-725",
abstract = {The Revista del Centro de Estudios Educativos, numero 3, 1971 included an early Carnoy article on the economics of education: “Un enfoque de sistemas para evaluar la educación, ilustrado con datos de Puerto Rico.” The article used a unique data set that had student test scores, students’ family background characteristics, and information about teachers and other school inputs for about one-third of all students in Puerto Rican schools to estimate relations between teacher characteristics and student test scores controlling for students’ social class, gender, and whether the school was urban or rural. Such data sets were rare in the late 1960s, and so were attempts to understand how education systems worked to produce student learning outcomes—that is, to improve the quality of education.},
}