@EdWorkingPaper{ai22-521,
title = "Test Score Patterns Across Three COVID-19-impacted School Years",
author = "Megan Kuhfeld, James Soland, Karyn Lewis",
institution = "Annenberg Institute at Brown University",
number = "521",
year = "2022",
month = "January",
URL = "http://www.edworkingpapers.com/ai22-521",
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has been a seismic and on-going disruption to K-12 schooling. Using test scores from 5.4 million U.S. students in grades 3-8, we tracked changes in math and reading achievement across the first two years of the pandemic. Average fall 2021 math test scores in grades 3-8 were .20-27 standard deviations (SDs) lower relative to same-grade peers in fall 2019, while reading test scores decreased by .09-.18 SDs. Achievement gaps between students in low-poverty and high-poverty elementary schools grew by .10-.20 SDs, primarily during the 2020-21 school year. Observed declines are more substantial than during other recent school disruptions, such as those due to natural disasters.},
}