@EdWorkingPaper{ai21-471,
title = "Digital redlining: the relevance of 20th century housing policy to 21st century broadband access and education",
author = "Benjamin Skinner, Hazel Levy, Taylor Burtch",
institution = "Annenberg Institute at Brown University",
number = "471",
year = "2023",
month = "April",
URL = "http://www.edworkingpapers.com/ai21-471",
abstract = {Broadband is not equally accessible among students despite its increasing importance to education. We investigate the relationship between broadband and housing policy by joining two measures of broadband access with Depression-era redlining maps that classified neighborhoods based in part on racist and classist beliefs. We find that despite internet service provider selfreports of similar technological availability, broadband access generally decreases in tandem with historic neighborhood classification, with further heterogeneity by race/ethnicity and income. Our findings demonstrate how past federally-developed housing policies connect to the digital divide and should be considered in educational policies that require broadband for success.},
}