TY  - JOUR
AB  - We demonstrate that heat inhibits learning and that school air-conditioning may mitigate this effect. Student fixed effects models using 10 million PSAT-retakers show hotter school days in years before the test reduce scores, with extreme heat being particularly damaging. Weekend and summer temperature has little impact, suggesting heat directly disrupts learning time. New nationwide, school-level measures of air-conditioning penetration suggest patterns consistent with such infrastructure largely offsetting heat’s effects. Without air-conditioning, a 1°F hotter school year reduces that year’s learning by one percent. Hot school days disproportionately impact minority students, accounting for roughly five percent of the racial achievement gap.
AU  - Goodman, Joshua
AU  - Hurwitz, Michael
AU  - Park, Jisung
AU  - Smith, Jonathan
DA  - April 2019
PY  - 2019
ST  - Heat and Learning
T2  - EdWorkingPapers.com
TI  - Heat and Learning
UR  - http://www.edworkingpapers.com/ai19-30
ER  -